鋁的密度是2.7約為一般金屬的1/3而常用鋁導(dǎo)線的導(dǎo)電度約為銅61％，導(dǎo)熱度為銀的一半。雖然純鋁極軟且富延展性，但仍可通過(guò)冷加工及做成合金來(lái)使它硬化。鋁土礦是鋁的重要來(lái)源，制造一鎊氧化鋁約需要兩磅鋁土礦，而制造一磅金屬鋁需要兩磅氧化鋁。
The density of aluminum is about 2.7, which is about 1/3 of common metals. The conductivity of commonly used aluminum conductors is about 61% of copper and the thermal conductivity is half of silver. Although pure aluminum is extremely soft and highly malleable, it can be hardened by cold working and alloy making. Bauxite is an important source of aluminum. It takes about two pounds of bauxite to make a pound of alumina, and a pound of metal aluminum needs two pounds of alumina.
鋁在自然界中多以氧化物、氫氧化物和含氧的鋁硅酸鹽存在極少發(fā)現(xiàn)鋁的自然金屬。目前已知的含鋁礦物有258種，其中罕見的礦物約43種。實(shí)際上，由純礦物組成的鋁礦床是沒(méi)有的一般都是共生分布，并混有雜質(zhì)。從經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，并不是所有的含鋁礦物都能成為工業(yè)原料。用于提煉金屬鋁的主要是由一水硬鋁石、一水軟鋁石或三水鋁石組成的鋁土礦。
In the nature of aluminum, aluminum is mostly found in oxides, hydrides and aluminosilicate containing oxygen. At present, there are 258 known aluminum minerals, of which 43 are rare minerals. In fact, there are no aluminum deposits composed of pure minerals. They are generally symbiotic and mixed with impurities. From the point of view of economy and technology, not all aluminum minerals can become industrial raw materials. The main purpose of refining metal aluminum is bauxite composed of diaspore, diaspore and gibbsite.
一水硬鋁石又名水鋁石，結(jié)構(gòu)式和分子式分別為AlOOH和Al2O3?H2O斜方晶系，結(jié)晶完好者呈柱狀、板狀、鱗片狀、針狀、棱狀等。礦石中的水鋁石一般均含有TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Ga2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5P2O3等不同量類質(zhì)同象混入物。水鋁石溶于酸和堿，但在常溫常壓下溶解甚弱，需在高溫高壓和強(qiáng)酸或強(qiáng)堿濃度下才能完全分解。一水硬鋁石形成于酸性介質(zhì)，與一水軟鋁石、赤鐵礦、針鐵礦、高嶺石、綠泥石、黃鐵礦等共生。其水化可變成三水鋁石，脫水可變成α剛玉，可被高嶺石、黃鐵礦、菱鐵礦、綠泥石等交代。

Diaspore is also known as bauxite. The structure and molecular formula are AlOOH and Al2O3? H2O in the trapezoid system, and the well crystallized people are columnar, plate, scaly, needle and prism. The bauxite in ore generally contains TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Ga2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5P2O3 and other isomorphic mixtures. Boehmite is soluble in acid and alkali, but it is very weak at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It must be decomposed at high temperature and high pressure or strong acid or strong base. Diaspore is formed in acidic medium. It is symbiosis with monohydrate, hematite, goethite, kaolinite, chlorite and pyrite. Its hydration can be turned into gibbsite, dehydrated into alpha corundum, and can be metasomated by kaolinite, pyrite, siderite and chlorite.
一水軟鋁石又名勃姆石、軟水鋁石，結(jié)構(gòu)式為AlOOH分子式為Al2O3?H2O斜方晶系，結(jié)晶完好者呈菱形體、棱面狀、棱狀、針狀、纖維狀和六角板狀。礦石中的一水軟鋁石常含F(xiàn)e2O3TiO2Cr2OGa2O3等類質(zhì)同象。一水軟鋁石可溶于酸和堿。該礦物形成于酸性介質(zhì)，主要產(chǎn)在堆積鋁土礦中，其特征是與菱鐵礦共生?？杀灰凰蹭X石、三水鋁石、高嶺石等交代，脫水可轉(zhuǎn)變成一水硬鋁石和α剛玉，水化可變成三水鋁石。
A diaspore, also known as bauxite and bauxite, is structured as AlOOH Al2O3? H2O, with a diamond shaped, prismatic, prismatic, needle like, fibrous and six angle plate. The bauxite in ore often contains Fe2O3TiO2Cr2OGa2O3 and other isomorphism. A water diaspore is soluble in acid and alkali. The mineral is formed in acidic medium, mainly in the accumulation of bauxite, and is characterized by symbiosis with siderite. It can be metasomatism by diaspore, gibbsite and kaolinite. Dehydration can be transformed into diaspore and Gangyu, and hydration can turn into gibbsite.
三水鋁石又名水鋁氧石、氫氧鋁石，結(jié)構(gòu)式AlOH分子式為Al2O3?3H2O單斜晶系，結(jié)晶完好者呈六角板狀、棱鏡狀，常有呈細(xì)晶狀集合體或雙晶，礦石中三水鋁石多呈不規(guī)則狀集合體，均含有不同量的TiO2SiO2Fe2O3Nb2O5Ta2O5Ga2O3等類質(zhì)同象或機(jī)械混入物。三水鋁石溶于酸和堿，其粉末加熱到100℃經(jīng)2h即可完全溶解。三水鋁石形成于酸性介質(zhì)，風(fēng)化殼礦床中是原生礦物，與高嶺石、針鐵礦、赤鐵礦、伊利石等共生。三水鋁石脫水可變成一水軟鋁石、一水硬鋁石和α剛玉，可被高嶺石、多水高嶺石等交代。
Diaspore, also known as bauxite and hydrooxystasite, structure AlOH molecular formula is Al2O3? 3H2O monoclinic system, and the perfect crystallizer is six angles and prism, often with fine crystalline aggregate or double crystal. Or mechanical mixing. Gibbsite is soluble in acid and alkali, and its powder is heated to 100 degrees, and it can be completely dissolved by 2H. Gibbsite is formed in acidic medium. The weathering crust deposit is primary mineral, and is intergrowth with kaolinite, goethite, hematite and illite. The dehydration of gibbsite can turn into a bauxite, diaspore and Gangyu, and can be metasomatic by kaolinite and kaolinite.
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